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    zareenZ
    Absolute communication: is the segregation to communicate with everyone that has the same freedom as you. Some Like in all social media platform eg: Facebook, Whats app, Skype, Instagram and others we can communicate with everyone this is absolute communication. Absolute isolation: is the segregation from all of civilization being along with just yourself. Isolation would make people think about themselves and meaning of their life. Person could experience allocations because of loneliness.
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in BIF601 GDB 1 Solutoion and Discussion: Discuss different types of Machine Learning and Differentiate False +VE and False –VE, How they are significant? Solution Idea: In this section, we’ll define the primary building blocks of the metrics we’ll use to evaluate classification models. But first, a fable: An Aesop’s Fable: The Boy Who Cried Wolf (compressed) A shepherd boy gets bored tending the town’s flock. To have some fun, he cries out, “Wolf!” even though no wolf is in sight. The villagers run to protect the flock, but then get really mad when they realize the boy was playing a joke on them. [Iterate previous paragraph N times.] One night, the shepherd boy sees a real wolf approaching the flock and calls out, “Wolf!” The villagers refuse to be fooled again and stay in their houses. The hungry wolf turns the flock into lamb chops. The town goes hungry. Panic ensues. Let’s make the following definitions: “Wolf” is a positive class. “No wolf” is a negative class. We can summarize our “wolf-prediction” model using a 2x2 confusion matrix that depicts all four possible outcomes: True Positive (TP): False Positive (FP): Reality: A wolf threatened. Reality: No wolf threatened. Shepherd said: “Wolf.” Shepherd said: “Wolf.” Outcome: Shepherd is a hero. Outcome: Villagers are angry at shepherd for waking them up. False Negative (FN): True Negative (TN): Reality: A wolf threatened. Reality: No wolf threatened. Shepherd said: “No wolf.” Shepherd said: “No wolf.” Outcome: The wolf ate all the sheep. Outcome: Everyone is fine. A true positive is an outcome where the model correctly predicts the positive class. Similarly, a true negative is an outcome where the model correctly predicts the negative class. A false positive is an outcome where the model incorrectly predicts the positive class. And a false negative is an outcome where the model incorrectly predicts the negative class. In the following sections, we’ll look at how to evaluate classification models using metrics derived from these four outcomes. Source
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    zaasmiZ
    Seven important keys for this are as follow. 1.Understand what forecasting is and is not As a result of this a better environment will established for business activities. Accuracy and remove the game plan is also can be achieved. 2. Forecast demand and plan supply In this way you can improve capital planning and customer service. 3. Communicate, corporate and collaborate It is very helpful to get all important information for to forecast and it is trustable for user. More accurate and relevant forecast can be got. 4. Eliminate island of analysis With this key more reliable and accurate forecast can be achieved. 5. Use tools wisely With the help of this efficiency and effectiveness will be get. 6. Make it important With the help of this forecasting key developers can take serious the issue that are under discussion. Accuracy and credibility can also be achieved. 7. Measure Forecast performance can be including in the individual performance plans. Errors can be removed and improvement can be also achieved. Confidence of the forecasting can also be increased.
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    cyberianC
    Case: Heuristic models attempt to take experiences and use them as a basis to methodically gain new insights. These experiences can stem from: Conjectured business interrelationships Subjective practical experiences and observations Business theories related to specific aspects In credit assessment, therefore, these models constitute an attempt to use experience in the lending business to make statements as to the future creditworthiness of a borrower. The quality of heuristic models thus depends on how accurately they depict the subjective experience of credit experts. Therefore, not only the factors relevant to creditworthiness are determined heuristically, but their influence and weight in overall assessments are also based on subjective experience. In the development of these rating models, the factors used do not undergo statistical validation and optimization. In practice, heuristic models are often grouped under the heading of expert systems Empirical statistical models, by contrast: Try to assess a borrower’s credit standing on the basis of objectifying processes. For this purpose, certain credit review criteria of the exposure under review are compared to the existing database which was established empirically. This comparison makes it possible to classify the credit exposure. The goodness of fit of an empirical statistical model depends to a great extent on the quality of the database used in developing the system. First, the database must be sufficiently large to allow significant findings. In addition, it must be ensured that the data used also represent the credit institution’s future business adequately.
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in HRM630 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Now days, most of the multinational companies are facing the challenge of hiring and retaining the required staff in order to manage their overseas subsidiaries. Further, at times the organizations practice to send expatriates for managing a business setup. information required for my research. … situation, ethnocentric staffing is slightly more than polycentric even … which can help them to retain and motivate employees from different … order to maintain and manage their business abroad. … Now-a-days multinationals are hiring local nationals because. Read More
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    zareenZ
    @zareen Throughout history, both small and large nations have elevated certain types of nonelected workers to positions of relative power within the governmental structure. Collectively, these essential workers are called the bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is an administrative group of nonelected officials charged with carrying out functions connected to a series of policies and programs. In the United States, the bureaucracy began as a very small collection of individuals. Over time, however, it grew to be a major force in political affairs. Indeed, it grew so large that politicians in modern times have ridiculed it to great political advantage. However, the country’s many bureaucrats or civil servants, the individuals who work in the bureaucracy, fill necessary and even instrumental roles in every area of government: from high-level positions in foreign affairs and intelligence collection agencies to clerks and staff in the smallest regulatory agencies. They are hired, or sometimes appointed, for their expertise in carrying out the functions and programs of the government. link text
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    zaasmiZ
    @zareen said in FIN623 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Total Marks 5 Starting Date Thursday, November 21, 2019 Closing Date Wednesday, November 27, 2019 Status Open Question Title Taxation Management Question Description Briefly answer the following questions. (2 + 1 + 1) Why tax avoidance can be favored against tax evasion? Which tax structure is levied in Pakistan for the taxation of income of individuals? Mr. Log is the cultivator of wheat and uses it as raw material in his business. Profit and loss account of Mr. Log for the year ended June 30, 2019 showed the net profit of Rs. 4,350,000. The wheat processed in flour mill, if purchased from open market, would have cost to Mr. Log Rs. 1,500,000. What would be the taxable income of Mr. Log, if wheat is not ordinarily sold in the market? (Show complete calculations) Why Tax Avoidance Can Be Favored Against Tax Evasion Tax avoidance is generally preferred over tax evasion due to the following reasons: • Legality: Tax avoidance is legal and involves using the tax code to minimize tax liability through deductions, credits, and exemptions allowed by law. Tax evasion, however, is illegal and involves hiding income or falsifying information to evade taxes. • Ethical Compliance: Tax avoidance aligns with legal and ethical standards, showing compliance with the law. Tax evasion, in contrast, is unethical and often leads to penalties, legal action, or imprisonment. • Incentives for Financial Planning: Many tax laws are designed to incentivize behaviors beneficial to the economy, like saving for retirement or investing. Tax avoidance takes advantage of these incentives, contributing positively to personal and national financial health. Because of these reasons, tax avoidance is a lawful and strategic approach, while tax evasion is illegal and carries serious consequences. Tax Structure Levied in Pakistan for the Taxation of Income of Individuals Pakistan employs a progressive tax structure for individual income taxation. Under this structure, individuals with higher incomes are subject to higher tax rates, while those with lower incomes pay lower rates. This progressive structure aims to distribute tax burden equitably based on income levels and is outlined in Pakistan’s Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. Calculation of Mr. Log’s Taxable Income Since Mr. Log is a cultivator of wheat and uses it in his own business, we must consider the market value of the self-produced wheat as part of his income for tax purposes. Given Data • Net Profit (P&L Account): Rs. 4,350,000 • Market Value of Self-Produced Wheat: Rs. 1,500,000 • Condition: Wheat is not ordinarily sold in the market. Calculation of Taxable Income To calculate taxable income, we add the market value of the self-produced wheat (if it were bought from the open market) to the net profit from Mr. Log’s business: Net Profit from Business: Rs. 4,350,000 Add Value of Self-Produced Wheat: Rs. 1,500,000  Taxable Income = Net Profit + Market Value of Wheat Taxable Income = 4,350,000 + 1,500,000 = 5,850,000  Answer Mr. Log’s taxable income would be Rs. 5,850,000 for the year ended June 30, 2019.
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    zareenZ
    Employee Morale Corporate donations allow companies to take active interests in their own communities and can also lead to a huge boost in employee morale. If a company chooses to make a corporate donation, workplace culture can improve with increased employee involvement and a positive general attitude. According to a 2016 Deloitte study on volunteering, millennials were “twice as likely to rate their corporate culture as very positive” if their company participated in workplace volunteer activities. Employees respect companies that care for their community–it simply makes employees feel good, and increases the emotional attachment to their employer. Increased Marketing Philanthropic businesses are some of the most powerful in the world. For example, Apple matches employee donations, and has donated more than $78 million to charities through 2015. Charitable sponsorship is a great way to do good in your community, while also gaining marketing experience. Donations put your company’s name out there, especially if you sponsor some kind of event. Just make sure that the event or charity mirrors your own company’s goals. For example, if your company makes sporting equipment, consider sponsoring local sports teams or tournaments. That will show your current and future clients that you really care about your business and your community. Tax Deduction This is one of the most immediate benefits of corporate donations. You may not instantly see how your contribution benefits your community, but you will quickly notice the tax savings. Of course, businesses shouldn’t donate with the sole expectation of financial gain, but there are fiscal rewards for helping a charity in need. Businesses can usually receive tax deductions from sponsoring charities or events, but your should make sure to follow the rules and go about the process in the right way in order to comply with all tax requirements. It’s Good for Your Community Charitable contributions have numerous benefits, but the most important one is obvious: you should give back to your community. Charitable donations help better your community, and the public will notice if a company is making a real effort to improve its surroundings. Your company’s charitable donations could help improve schools or parks, giving children safe places to learn and play. If you choose to donate to a nonprofit organization that conducts medical research, you could also help in the effort to cure diseases. The opportunities are endless and extremely helpful. One way to engage employees to participate is to align the company’s donation choices with causes that have the greatest meaning to your workforce. For example, Brixio, a tech company based out of Lehi, Utah, chose to donate to the Livestrong Foundation after several of Brixio employees’ loved ones were diagnosed with cancer. Josh Aston, Brixio VP, said there are a lot of reasons why companies don’t donate to charities, but you can always help initiate change. “Not every company can be a social change company,” Aston said. “However, we are starting to actively bring up our partnership with Livestrong to those we do business with, getting the idea of social giving planted within them.” There are many reasons why your company should make charitable donations, and any reason that motivates you is a good one. Donating to charities can help change your business and work culture. It can also have a dramatic impact on others. So pick a cause that you believe in and make your community a better place to live. It’s good for business. Source
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